{"id":4699,"date":"2024-10-02T16:13:28","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T16:13:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/?p=4699"},"modified":"2024-10-23T17:09:41","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T17:09:41","slug":"yom-kippur-blood-libel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/index.php\/2024\/10\/02\/yom-kippur-blood-libel\/","title":{"rendered":"A Yom Kippur Blood Libel in New York"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>By Lauren Gilbert, Director of Public Services<\/h3>\n<h2>A Yom Kippur Blood Libel in New York<\/h2>\n<p>Two days before Yom Kippur in 1928, a four-year-old girl named Barbara Griffiths wandered into the woods near her home in Massena, New York, a small town in St. Lawrence County along the Canadian border. After a day of fruitless searching by crews and volunteers, the New York State Police took over the investigation.<\/p>\n<p>While historically, blood libel accusations coincided with Passover (invoking the purported use of Christian blood in making matzah), by the end of the first day a rumor started spreading about a connection between the girl\u2019s disappearance and the upcoming Jewish holiday.<\/p>\n<p>The mentally ill adult son of the president of the local synagogue was detained by police, causing some alarm. Other Jews were questioned, and at least one Jewish home was searched, in a town of only 19 Jewish families. A state trooper showed up at the home of the local rabbi, who was called to the police station as angry crowds gathered outside.<\/p>\n<p>By 4pm on the second day, the missing girl was spotted wandering unharmed along the side of the road, and the whole affair was over by the start of the Kol Nidre service.<\/p>\n<p>The night of the girl\u2019s disappearance, as accusations started swirling, an emergency meeting was convened by the leaders of the Jewish community, who placed a call to Louis Marshall, a prominent Jewish civil rights attorney in New York City and founder of the American Jewish Committee. Marshall dispatched Boris Smolar of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, who filed several reports from Massena, which were picked up and amplified by news outlets around the nation.<\/p>\n<p>A <em>New York Times<\/em> article on October 8 reported that the blood libel charge was \u201cassailed by rabbis in their sermons,\u201d quoting a Bronx rabbi who \u201curged Jews to invite members of other creeds to their religious services, so that superstitions concerning Jewish customs might be destroyed.\u201d <span id='easy-footnote-1-4699' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/index.php\/2024\/10\/02\/yom-kippur-blood-libel\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-4699' title='&amp;#8220;Massena Incident Deplored by Rabbis.&amp;#8221;\u00a0&lt;em&gt;New York Times,\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;8 October 1928, p. 26.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>An October 12 editorial in <em>The Jewish Exponent<\/em> mused bitterly, \u201cWhat comfort, the news of this incident, when carried abroad, will bring to the Hitlerites, the Jew-baiters of the old countries of Europe!\u201d The piece concludes, \u201cIt was an act of Providence that the little girl was found so quickly, otherwise who can tell what the mob might have done to the panicky Jews in the small town?\u201d <span id='easy-footnote-2-4699' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/index.php\/2024\/10\/02\/yom-kippur-blood-libel\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-4699' title='&amp;#8220;A Ritual Blood Accusation in America.&amp;#8221;\u00a0&lt;em&gt;The Jewish Exponent,\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;12 October 1928, p. 4.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>An October 4 letter from John A. Warner, Superintendent of the New York State Police, to New York State Governor Alfred E. Smith, a copy of which can be found in the <a href=\"https:\/\/archives.cjh.org\/repositories\/3\/resources\/1576\">Bernard G. Richards Papers (P-868)<\/a> at the American Jewish Historical Society, attests that \u201can exhaustive hearing has been conducted by me this day with reference to the charges preferred that Corporal H.M. McCann, a State Trooper, had revived the ancient slander that human sacrifice was at one time part of the Jewish ritual.\u201d Warner goes on to confirm that the trooper had been \u201cindefinitely suspended\u201d for \u201cgross lack of discretion in the exercise of his duties and for conduct most unbecoming an officer.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4701\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4701\" style=\"width: 786px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-1-superintendent-letter.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-4701 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-1-superintendent-letter-786x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"786\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-1-superintendent-letter-786x1024.jpg 786w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-1-superintendent-letter-230x300.jpg 230w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-1-superintendent-letter-768x1001.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-1-superintendent-letter-420x548.jpg 420w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-1-superintendent-letter-840x1095.jpg 840w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-1-superintendent-letter-1130x1473.jpg 1130w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 786px) 100vw, 786px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4701\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bernard G. Richards Papers (P-868), Series VI: Booklets, Pamphlets, and Other Publications Collected or Written by BGR. Box 30, Folder 19. Collection of AJHS.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Alongside this missive is a copy of the October 4 letter of apology from the state trooper to the local rabbi he had questioned about the girl\u2019s disappearance [see below]. It begins, \u201cI am writing to say I regret more that I can tell you and am very, very sorry for my part in the incident at Massena.\u201d He goes on to blame fatigue and excitement, along with lack of food, for his poor judgment.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4703\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4703\" style=\"width: 691px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-2-trooper-letter.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-4703 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-2-trooper-letter-691x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"691\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-2-trooper-letter-691x1024.jpg 691w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-2-trooper-letter-202x300.jpg 202w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-2-trooper-letter-768x1138.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-2-trooper-letter-420x622.jpg 420w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-2-trooper-letter-840x1245.jpg 840w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-2-trooper-letter-1130x1675.jpg 1130w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 691px) 100vw, 691px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4703\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bernard G. Richards Papers (P-868), Series VI: Booklets, Pamphlets, and Other Publications Collected or Written by BGR. Box 30, Folder 19. Collection of AJHS.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The same folder also contains a copy of the October 4 letter of apology penned by H. Gilbert Hawes, Mayor of Massena, and addressed to Rabbi Stephen Wise, President of the American Jewish Congress [see below]. Hawes admits to \u201ca serious error of judgment,\u201d acknowledging it to be \u201ca cruel libel imputing human sacrifice as a practice now or at any time in the history of the Jewish people.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4704\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4704\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-3-mayor-letter.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-4704 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-3-mayor-letter-1024x442.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-3-mayor-letter-1024x442.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-3-mayor-letter-300x129.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-3-mayor-letter-768x331.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-3-mayor-letter-420x181.jpg 420w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-3-mayor-letter-840x362.jpg 840w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-3-mayor-letter-1130x487.jpg 1130w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4704\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bernard G. Richards Papers (P-868), Series VI: Booklets, Pamphlets, and Other Publications Collected or Written by BGR. Box 30, Folder 19. Collection of AJHS.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The minutes of a November 10 meeting of the Executive Committee of the American Jewish Committee [see pages 2 and 3, below], preserved in the <a href=\"https:\/\/archives.cjh.org\/repositories\/3\/resources\/15562\">Admiral Lewis Lichtenstein Strauss Papers (P-632)<\/a> at the American Jewish Historical Society, recap the entire affair, and remark on the responses to the incident in the general press, \u201call of them expressing indignation that the circulation of this slander should have been suggested by public servants.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4705\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4705\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-4-AJC-minutes.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-4705 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-4-AJC-minutes-1024x442.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-4-AJC-minutes-1024x442.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-4-AJC-minutes-300x129.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-4-AJC-minutes-768x331.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-4-AJC-minutes-420x181.jpg 420w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-4-AJC-minutes-840x362.jpg 840w, https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Image-4-AJC-minutes-1130x487.jpg 1130w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4705\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Admiral Lewis Lichtenstein Strauss Papers (P-632), Series II: American Jewish Committee. Box 2, Folder 3. Collection of AJHS.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>An October 11 editorial in <em>The American Israelite<\/em> credited the quick resolution of the Massena incident to \u201cthe common sense of the American public, a virtue which has stood many a traduced group and individual in good stead.\u201d <span id='easy-footnote-3-4699' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/index.php\/2024\/10\/02\/yom-kippur-blood-libel\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-4699' title='&amp;#8220;The Massena Incident.&amp;#8221;\u00a0&lt;em&gt;The American Israelite,\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;11 October 1928, p. 4.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span> This homegrown blood libel was quickly and decisively repudiated, and never repeated on U.S. soil. Nearly 100 years later, in an era of rising antisemitism, it can be read as a cautionary tale.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Further readings:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Berenson, Edward, <em>The Accusation: Blood Libel in an American Town. <\/em>W. W. Norton &amp; Company, 2019.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/links.cjh.org\/primo\/CJH_ALEPH000339686\">Friedman, Saul S. <em>The Incident at Massena: The Blood Libel in America<\/em>. Stein and Day, 1978<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Jacobs, Samuel J. \u201cThe Blood Libel Case at Massena- a Reminiscence and a Review.\u201d\u00a0<em>Judaism<\/em>, vol. 28, no. 4, Sept. 1979, p. 465.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Lauren Gilbert, Director of Public Services A Yom Kippur Blood Libel in New York Two days before Yom Kippur in 1928, a four-year-old girl named Barbara Griffiths wandered into the woods near her home in Massena, New York, a small town in St. Lawrence County along the Canadian border. After a day of fruitless searching by crews and volunteers, the New York State&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4701,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[185,41,1288,1310],"class_list":["post-4699","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-post","tag-american-jewish-historical-society-collections","tag-american-jewish-history","tag-antisemitism","tag-blood-libel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4699","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4699"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4699\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4753,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4699\/revisions\/4753"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4699"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cjh.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}